7 Sunscreen Secrets to Gain Your Skincare Knowledge and Habits

Hey there!

So, picture this: a sunny day, you’re all set to hit the beach or enjoy some time outdoors, but there’s that relentless sun beaming down on you.

We all know the sun’s great, but it can also be a bit of a troublemaker for our skin with its sneaky UV rays.

Lucky for us, we’ve got sunscreen, our trusty sidekick in the battle against those UV rays. But here’s the scoop – not all sunscreens are created equal.

There are two main types: chemical and physical.

They both want to save your skin, but they’ve got different superpowers. Chemical sunscreens use fancy ingredients to zap the sun’s rays, while physical sunscreens use minerals to form a protective shield.

In this article, we’re gonna break down the nitty-gritty of these sunscreens, so you can be the superhero of your sunny days!

To find a response to a specific topic, simply click on any section in the outline below:

Sunscreen men

Organic vs. Inorganic Sunscreens

1. Organic Sunscreens:

When we talk about “organic” in the context of sunscreens, it’s not about being all-natural; it’s about the chemistry involved.

Organic sunscreens contain carbon-based compounds, and these are the ones that do the heavy lifting when it comes to shielding your skin from the sun’s harmful rays. Let’s take octocrylene as an example.

Octocrylene’s molecular structure contains carbon atoms, and this is what gives it the power to absorb UV radiation. Think of these carbon atoms as tiny, super-absorbent sponges. They have a special arrangement of single and double bonds, like a unique superhero pattern.

This arrangement allows them to form a shield that can capture and soak up UV rays, keeping your skin safe. Octocrylene is just one of these UV-absorbing superheroes.

You might notice ingredients like benzophenone, oxybenzone, or octyl methoxycinnamate on the label.

2. Inorganic Sunscreens:

Now, inorganic sunscreens are a bit different. They’re made up of minerals like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Unlike organic sunscreens, these minerals don’t have carbon in their molecular structures; they’re made of metal and oxygen.

Think of them as your skin’s protective army. When you apply inorganic sunscreen, these minerals form a physical barrier on your skin’s surface. It’s like wearing a shield that deflects and scatters UV rays away from your skin.

Picture it as these tiny particles creating a reflective shield, much like light bouncing off a mirror or being blocked by a shield.

So, to sum it up, whether it’s organic or inorganic, the goal is to protect your skin from the sun. Organic sunscreens use carbon-based compounds with their special sponge-like structures to absorb UV rays, while inorganic sunscreens use minerals like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide to create a physical barrier that reflects or blocks UV radiation. It’s all about giving your skin the superhero protection it needs!

Octocrylene chemical structure in sunscreens
Sunscreen tips

Myths vs Facts: Inorganic and Organic Sunscreens

  • Alright, let’s break this down a bit more. You’ve probably heard that inorganic (think titanium dioxide and zinc oxide) and organic sunscreens work in entirely different ways.

Well, not quite. For most of the UV spectrum, they’re actually on the same wavelength.

So, here’s the deal with organic sunscreens. They’re like the UV-absorbing champs because of how the carbon atoms in them connect. It’s all about the arrangement of bonds between these carbon buddies.

When these bonds are in a specific pattern of single and double bonds (we call it ‘conjugated’), it’s like a magic spell that lets the sunscreen soak up UV rays from the electromagnetic spectrum. Picture it as a super sponge for sunlight.

Now, when UV light meets organic sunscreen, it’s like throwing a party for electrons. They get all hyped up, jumping from a low-energy state to a high-energy one. But here’s the cool part: these energetic electrons can’t stay grooving forever.

They release that extra energy by shimmying, shaking, or twisting, and that energy becomes heat. It’s like they’re dancing to the rhythm of the sun!

But sometimes, one of the sunscreen’s chemicals (like avobenzone) doesn’t want to dance. Instead, it decides to change its moves and shape.

And guess what? The new shape doesn’t absorb UV energy as well. Plus, it can be a bit of a party pooper for your skin. But don’t fret – we’ve got ‘photo-stabilizers’ in sunscreen formulas who step in as the dance-floor heroes.

They catch the excited avobenzone, absorb its energy, and release it before it can mess up its dance routine.

Now, let’s talk inorganic sunscreens. Even though their structure is different from the organic crew, they’re still in the same sun protection club. Picture tiny particles of metal oxides, like titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.

They’ve got a solid structure made up of alternating layers of metal and oxygen atoms. But here’s the twist: it’s all about the size of these particles.

Instead of carbon bonds, it’s all about how big or small they are. This size determines which parts of the UV spectrum they gobble up.

So, whether it’s the carbon chemistry in organic sunscreens or the particle size in inorganic ones, they’re all just doing their thing to protect your skin from the sun’s rays. And it’s pretty darn fascinating.

  • Inorganic sunscreens sit, and organic sunscreens soak.

All right, let’s debunk a common myth: ‘Inorganic sunscreens sit on the skin, while organic sunscreens absorb into the skin.’

Think of it this way – when we paint a protective layer on a wall to shield it from the rain, we want that layer to be on the surface, right? Sunscreens work a bit like that. We want them to intercept the sun’s energy before it reaches our skin cells, especially the living ones.

The most effective way to do this is by having the sunscreen right on the surface of our skin, forming a continuous and even protective layer.

Now, here’s where it gets interesting: both organic and inorganic sunscreen particles can make their way into the upper layers of the skin. But how much they penetrate depends on factors like the size of the particles or molecules and the overall sunscreen formula.

It’s important to note that this isn’t necessarily the goal. In fact, sunscreen makers work hard to minimize how much sunscreen goes beyond the skin’s surface.

But here’s the reassuring part – just because sunscreen particles can penetrate a bit doesn’t mean they’re causing harm to our bodies.

For any effect to occur, there needs to be a specific biological mechanism at play. Researchers are actively exploring this area, but as of now, we don’t have all the answers. It’s an ongoing puzzle, and science is diligently working to solve it.

  • Inorganic sunscreens provide immediate protection, while organic sunscreens require skin activation.

Myth debunked! Organic and inorganic sunscreens don’t rely on a chemical reaction when applied to your skin. Instead, think of them as superheroes with different superpowers.

Imagine organic sunscreen as a protective force field. When you apply it, it creates an invisible shield on your skin’s surface. It’s a bit like wearing a special suit that repels UV rays.

But here’s where it gets interesting – this force field isn’t limited to your skin. Imagine you have a magical, UV-sensitive object, like a crystal ball. If you place that crystal ball near your shielded skin, you’ll see that it’s not affected by UV rays.

That’s because your sunscreen is doing its job, creating a protective barrier that extends beyond your skin.

Now, let’s talk about inorganic sunscreen. It’s like having tiny, sun-blocking mirrors on your skin. These mirrors reflect UV rays away from you, just like a mirror reflects your image.

But here’s the cool part – this sun-blocking magic isn’t just confined to your skin. Imagine you’re holding a UV-sensitive object, like a piece of artwork.

If you place that artwork near your sun-protected skin, it remains safe from UV damage. Your sunscreen, with its tiny reflective mirrors, is extending its protection to the surrounding area.

So, whether it’s the force field of organic sunscreen or the sun-blocking mirrors of inorganic sunscreen, they’re both working to keep you safe from the sun’s harmful rays. No chemical reactions needed – just pure sunscreen superpowers!

  • Inorganic sunscreens offer long-lasting protection without frequent reapplication.

Myth debunked! Whether it’s organic or inorganic, sunscreen needs a touch-up during the day to keep your skin shielded from the sun. It’s like recharging your protective armor, and this applies to many sunscreen types.

Why? Well, daily activities like touching your skin, changing clothes, using your phone, sweating, or eating can subtly wipe away your sunscreen.

Reapplying ensures a minimum shield density of 2 milligrams per square centimeter on your skin.

When to reapply? It depends on your daily routine and sun exposure. Going for a jog? Consider a quick refresh before. Office day? A midday reapplication could help.

Always reapply after sweating, swimming, showering, or beach fun, even if your sunscreen is water-resistant.

In the end, it’s your sun-smart strategy to keep that protective shield going!

Sunscreen Labels: Marketing

Mineral Sunscreen:

Picture this: mineral sunscreen, your skin’s protective knight in shining armor. These sunscreens use inorganic filters in their secret formula – minerals like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

Some folks (including bloggers and brands) even call them “natural” sunscreens because they’re made from these naturally occurring minerals.

You’ll find them in products like Badger, Aveno, and Human Nature, ready to shield your skin from the sun’s rays.

Nano & Non-Nano:

Okay, here’s the scoop on “nano” and “non-nano.” You might have seen these terms on sunscreen bottles, but there’s no official rule book for what’s considered nano or non-nano.

Think of nano as the smaller sibling, supposedly tinier than non-nano. People tend to lean towards nano sunscreens because they don’t leave you looking like a ghost with that white cast.

Non-nano, on the other hand, is supposedly bigger, more like the “usual” size. Some folks prefer non-nano because they’re a bit skeptical about those tiny nanoparticles sneaking into their skin. So, it’s all about finding what feels right for you in the sunscreen world!

Biodegradable:

Let’s talk about something eco-cool – biodegradable sunscreen! This label often hangs out with the “reef-friendly” gang. What makes it special?

Well, it’s like Mother Nature’s best buddy because it can break down into tiny bits with the help of bacteria or other living organisms. So, after you’ve had your sun-soaked fun, it won’t stick around forever, and that’s a win for our planet.

Reef-friendly Sunblock:

Diving into the world of sun protection, we’ve got “reef-friendly sunblock” taking the stage. Usually, it’s made with inorganic sunscreens, but there’s a rebel in the group – Tropical Seas claims to have an organic UV filter trick up its sleeve.

Now, “reef-friendly” sounds awesome, right? It means it’s designed not to mess with the coral’s colors – no coral bleaching here! But, a little heads up, it doesn’t necessarily mean it won’t affect other sea buddies like fish.

Sunscreen Labels: Understanding SPF, UVA, and More

SPF (Sun Protection Factor):

SPF, or Sun Protection Factor, is a measure of how well a sunscreen shields your skin from UV radiation, primarily UVB rays that cause sunburn.

Think of it as a ratio that indicates how much longer you can stay in the sun with sunscreen compared to without it. For example, SPF 30 suggests that you can potentially endure exposure to 30 times more sunburn-causing UVB radiation while wearing sunscreen than if you weren’t.

However, it’s vital to note that SPF doesn’t equate directly to time, as the intensity of UV radiation from the sun varies.

Broad Spectrum:

The term “Broad Spectrum” signifies a sunscreen’s ability to absorb a range of UV wavelengths effectively. Though specific label requirements differ by region, all sunscreens with this designation must have a critical wavelength of at least 370 nanometers.

Essentially, this means that at least 90% of the UV light the sunscreen absorbs falls below the 370-nanometer wavelength. When you see “Broad Spectrum” on a sunscreen label, it’s a sign that it offers superior UVA protection compared to a similar product without this designation.

UVA Circle:

The UVA Circle symbol indicates that a sunscreen’s UVA protection is at least one-third of its SPF. So, if a sunscreen has an SPF of 30 and bears the UVA Circle symbol, you can expect a UVA protection factor of 10 or higher.

However, please note that the UVA Circle symbol doesn’t provide the exact UVA protection level; it simply establishes the minimum UVA defense you can anticipate.

UVA Protection Factor (UVAPF):

Similar to SPF, the UVA Protection Factor (UVAPF) is a measure of a sunscreen’s protection against UVA radiation. A UVA 30, for instance, suggests that you can hypothetically endure about 30 times more UVA exposure with proper sunscreen application compared to without it.

UVA protection can be determined through in vitro (non-human testing) methods, where the sunscreen’s effect on UVA light is measured on textured plastic, or in vivo (human testing) using methods like Persistent Pigment Darkening (PPD).

Persistent Pigment Darkening (PPD):

PPD is a measure of how much UV exposure your skin can withstand before developing a lasting tan when wearing sunscreen versus without it. This measure primarily assesses the effects of UVA radiation.

For example, a PPD 10 indicates that you could potentially endure exposure to 10 times the amount of UVA radiation with sunscreen on compared to without.

PPD results are sometimes labeled as UVA or UVAPF numbers, so it’s a good idea to check with the brand’s customer service to clarify the methodology used.

PA:

The PA system, used primarily in Japan and countries like South Korea, ranks sunscreens based on their level of protection against UVA radiation.

It ranges from + to ++++, with each plus sign representing a higher level of protection corresponding to PPD values. For instance, PA+ signifies PPD 2 to 4, while PA++++ corresponds to PPD 16 or greater.

However, the PA system encounters limitations when comparing sunscreens with higher PPD numbers, as they may all be labeled as PA++++.

Boots Star Rating:

The Boots Star Rating is a UVA rating system employed by the British retailer Boots. It measures the ratio of UVA to UVB absorption in a sunscreen, using in vitro testing to assess photostability.

This rating offers insight into how effectively a sunscreen shields against UVA rays.

Getting what’s on the label:

Many people tend to apply insufficient sunscreen when not prompted. To approach the protection level specified on the sunscreen label, it’s recommended to use approximately 2 milligrams per square centimeter of skin (2 mg/cm2).

While there are various techniques to ensure adequate application, one effective approach is to apply sunscreen twice and aim to reapply at least once during extended outdoor activities.

Remember, using a little more sunscreen than you think you need and reapplying can help enhance your protection.

Sunscreen labels

Reef-Friendly Sunscreen: Marketing or Reality?

Here’s the deal: Both organic and inorganic sunscreens can be pollutants in our oceans. It happens either directly when you wear sunscreen to the beach or indirectly through products washing off in wastewater.

Organic Sunscreens:

These contain special chemicals that can promote coral bleaching and possibly lead to viral infections. While they can eventually break down, we’ve found their presence in sediment and marine life, suggesting they can build up over time.

Inorganic Sunscreens:

These don’t biodegrade. For example, zinc oxide might become sediment, which, believe it or not, can also cause coral bleaching by blocking sunlight.

So, here’s the truth: based on what we know, inorganic sunscreens seem friendlier to reefs. But they’re not entirely in the clear.

Smaller brands might not be aware of the details, or they’re just labeling sunscreen without fully considering reef-friendliness. However, every business promoting these labels shares some responsibility.

The research isn’t crystal clear, and the marine science community hasn’t reached a unanimous verdict. Neither organic nor inorganic sunscreen is certified as 100% reef-friendly.

And here’s a kicker: The other ingredients in sunscreen matter too. The label “mineral sunscreen” only looks at zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, not the rest of the formulation’s impact on reefs.

The question of whether organic or inorganic UV filters are entirely benign to marine ecosystems remains a complex puzzle.

To put it simply, it’s a bit of a mystery without a clear-cut answer. Right now, zinc oxide seems to be leading the way as a more reef-friendly option, but even it doesn’t have the pristine badge of complete harmlessness.

Now, when we dive into the world of organic filters, we stumble upon a concerning trend: these compounds have a knack for building up in aquatic realms.

It’s not just a matter of settling down like sediments; they stealthily gather in sediment and various marine creatures, from oysters to freshwater fish and mollusks.

Unfortunately, we haven’t figured out how to completely remove them from our wastewater channels yet.

And then there’s this unique category of sunscreens claiming to shield us from the sun solely using “natural” filters like cocoa butter, shea butter, and certain oils. But here’s the catch: their effectiveness is hanging on a thin thread, a topic experts are still debating.

It’s crucial to note that unless an SPF product undergoes rigorous testing, it’s more like a gamble than a dependable guardian against the sun’s harsh rays.

So, my sincere advice to you is to embark on a journey of discovery. Sail through the scientific seas within reputable journals rather than venturing into the uncharted waters of search engine results.

When navigating the tricky waters of sunscreen selection, it’s wise to consider the call of reef-friendliness and the many other factors silently shaping our choices.

Did you know that most people are inadvertently falling short when it comes to applying sunscreen?

Numerous studies have revealed that we often apply just a fraction of the amount required for full protection.

You might wonder why SPF tests require such a substantial amount of sunscreen. The answer lies in the magic number: 2.0 mg/cm2. This quantity ensures reliable and consistent results.

But here’s a clever hack – apply your sunscreen twice. Put on one layer, allow it to dry, and then apply another.

Now, let’s talk about a sunscreen secret: avoid vigorous rubbing. Surprisingly, excessive rubbing can diminish SPF by a whopping 25% as the sunscreen ends up on your hands rather than your skin.

And patience, my friends, is a virtue in the world of sunscreen. Wait a mere 10 minutes before dressing or undressing to allow the sunscreen to dry properly and stay put.

The World Health Organization (WHO) advises reapplication every two hours. Realistically, most of us might skip that, but here’s a practical goal: aim for at least one reapplication, especially after swimming, water sports, or other aquatic adventures. Just that one extra layer can triple your protection against sunburn!

Did you know that after 4 hours, about 60% of the sunscreen you initially applied can vanish into thin air? After 8 hours, that drops to a mere 40%.

And when you’re at the beach, watch out for sand – it has a knack for swiping away up to 59% of your sunscreen protection.

Here’s a golden rule: apply sunscreen before stepping into the UV spotlight. Surprisingly, vacationers often wait an average of 100 minutes before applying sunscreen, which can risk nearly 30% of the sunburn threshold. Don’t let that happen to you!

Now, about high SPF sunscreens – they can be your savior if you tend to skimp on application. Even when applied ‘normally,’ SPF 100 sunscreen still offers an SPF of 27.

Lastly, let’s debunk a common sunscreen myth. You’ve probably seen those cute animations of sunscreen deflecting UV rays, but here’s the truth: sunscreens don’t reflect UV; they absorb and convert it.

While titanium dioxide and zinc oxide do reflect some light, they can also leave a white cast on your skin. Luckily, micronization helps reduce this effect.

sunscreen for kids

Sunscreen Allergy

While sunscreen is usually safe, some folks may develop allergies to certain ingredients like fragrances and oxybenzone. These allergies can cause issues like red, itchy rashes, hives, and blisters.

For treatment, it’s similar to dealing with other skin allergies. Mild cases might go away on their own, but more severe ones may need topical or oral steroids, along with antihistamines for itching.

Preventing sunscreen allergies involves avoiding known allergenic ingredients like benzophenones, dibenzoylmethanes, cinnamates, and fragrances.

Choose sunscreens that contain zinc oxide and titanium dioxide-based sunscreens. Before trying a new sunscreen, do a patch test on a small area.

If you have recurring or severe sunscreen allergies, consult a dermatologist or allergist. They can diagnose, recommend sunscreen options, and offer guidelines for sun exposure.

Lastly, minimize direct UV ray exposure by wearing protective clothing and staying in the shade between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.

Sunscreen allergy

Conclusion

understanding sunscreen labels and choosing the right sunscreen for your needs is essential for effective sun protection. Whether you opt for organic or inorganic sunscreens, consider factors like nanotechnology and biodegradability to find the best fit for your preferences.

When it comes to applying sunscreen, remember to use an adequate amount and apply it twice for better coverage. Avoid vigorous rubbing, allow it to dry for at least 10 minutes, and reapply, especially after water activities. Sand at the beach can reduce your protection, so be cautious.

Don’t delay applying sunscreen; doing so can risk a significant portion of your sunburn threshold. High SPF sunscreens can compensate for lighter application, offering added protection.

Lastly, debunk the myth that sunscreens reflect UV rays – they absorb and convert them. While some sunscreens may leave a white cast, micronization helps reduce this effect.

In the case of sunscreen allergies, it’s crucial to identify and avoid allergenic ingredients like benzophenones, dibenzoylmethanes, cinnamates, and fragrances. Choose zinc oxide and titanium dioxide-based sunscreens for reduced risk. Perform a patch test before trying new products and seek medical advice if you experience severe allergies.

References

Azurdia, R.M., Pagliaro, J.A., Diffey, B.L. and Rhodes, L.E., 1999. Sunscreen application by photosensitive patients is inadequate for protection. British Journal of Dermatology, 140(2), pp.255-258.

Bimczok, R., Gers-Barlag, H., Mundt, C., Klette, E., Bielfeldt, S., Rudolph, T., Pflücker, F., Heinrich, U., Tronnier, H., Johncock, W. and Klebon, B., 2006. Influence of applied quantity of sunscreen products on the sun protection factor–a multicenter study organized by the DGK Task Force Sun Protection. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 20(1), pp.57-64.

Teramura, T., Mizuno, M., Asano, H., Naito, N., Arakane, K. and Miyachi, Y., 2012. Relationship between sun‐protection factor and application thickness in high‐performance sunscreen: double application of sunscreen is recommended. Clinical and experimental dermatology, 37(8), pp.904-908.

Sayre, R.M., Powell, J. and Rheins, L.A., 1991. Product application technique alters the sun protection factor. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 8(5), pp.222-224.

Beyer, D.M., Faurschou, A., Haedersdal, M. and Wulf, H.C., 2010. Clothing reduces the sun protection factor of sunscreens. British Journal of Dermatology, 162(2), pp.415-419.

Diffey, B.L., 2001. When should sunscreen be reapplied?. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 45(6), pp.882-885.

Petersen, B. and Wulf, H.C., 2014. Application of sunscreen− theory and reality. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 30(2-3), pp.96-101.

Pruim, B. and Green, A., 1999. Photobiological aspects of sunscreen re‐application. Australasian journal of dermatology, 40(1), pp.14-18.

Bodekær, M., Faurschou, A., Philipsen, P.A. and Wulf, H.C., 2008. Sun protection factor persistence during a day with physical activity and bathing. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 24(6), pp.296-300.

Stokes and Diffey, 2000. A novel ex vivo technique to assess the sand/rub resistance of sunscreen products. International journal of cosmetic science, 22(5), pp.329-334.

Petersen, B., Datta, P., Philipsen, P.A. and Wulf, H.C., 2012. Sunscreen use and failures—on site observations on a sun-holiday. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 12, pp.190-196.

Ou-Yang, H., Stanfield, J., Cole, C., Appa, Y. and Rigel, D., 2013. High sun-protection factor sunscreens (≥ 70) may provide ultraviolet protection above minimal recommended levels by adequately compensating for lower sunscreen user application amounts. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 69(3), pp.481-483.

Cole, C., Shyr, T. and Ou‐Yang, H., 2016. Metal oxide sunscreens protect skin by absorption, not by reflection or scattering. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 32(1), pp.5-10.

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